Global Warming
It seems as if every time you turn on the television news, you hear one or the other of the following catchphrases of the 1990s: global warming, greenhouse effect, climate change. As it often is with catchphrases, hardly anyone knows what these terms really mean or how they relate to each other.
In the past 100 years, in our effort to make the Earth a more civilised place, industrial production has increased by fifty times. Four fifths of that growth has come since 1950. This production - most of it based on the burning of wood, and of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas - has greatly increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon into the air in the form of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide allows heat that would normally escape from the Earth's atmosphere to remain trapped, as it would in a greenhouse - thus the greenhouse effect.
When do you burn fossil fuels? When you turn on a light, or run an air conditioner, or take a hot shower, or make toast, you contribute to the greenhouse effect. It is a by-product of the use of energy- electricity, gasoline, or oil.
But how can carbon dioxide be bad when human beings exhale it every time they breathe? Plants need carbon dioxide; they use it to grow. Oceans absorb it. And forests drink it in. Without carbon dioxide, the average surface temperature on Earth would be 0 degrees Fahrenheit, instead of 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In nature, carbon dioxide is necessary and harmless. Here is the problem: in our effort to make the world a more comfortable place, people have produced far too much of it.
By drilling holes into glaciers and testing the air bubbles trapped in ancient ice, by looking at the fossilised plant tissues, even by looking at the air sealed in old telescopes, scientists have calculated that the atmosphere before the Industrial Revolution contained about 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide - the highest level recorded in the past 160,000 years. The current reading is near 360 parts per million. In the next 140 years, the carbon dioxide level should reach at least 560 parts per million.
We have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 25 percent in the past century. Carbon dioxide is not exclusively responsible for the greenhouse problem, however. Other greenhouse gases include chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and methane.
Choose, according to the passage, one phrase (A-F) from the list of phrases to complete each key point below. There are more phrases than key points.
A. has increased by fifty times in the past 100 years
B. is not growing as fast as it was before 1950
C. produces carbon dioxide
D. the surface temperature on Earth
E. the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere has been increasing
F. carbon dioxide belongs to harmful gases
Answer
| 1.Industrial production | [1] |
| 2.The burning of fossil fuels | [2] |
| 3.Carbon dioxide influences | [3] |
| 4.According to the scientists, | [4] |
→ A
Keywords: industrial production
Information: In the past 100 years, in our effort to make the Earth a more civilised place, industrial production has increased by fifty times.
→ C
Keywords: burning fossil fuels
Information: This production - most of it based on the burning of wood, and of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas - has greatly increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
→ D
Keywords: Carbon dioxide influences
Information: Carbon dioxide allows heat that would normally escape from the Earth's atmosphere to remain trapped, as it would in a greenhouse - thus the greenhouse effect.
Đoạn văn giải thích rằng carbon dioxide góp phần gây ra hiệu ứng nhà kính. Khi nhiên liệu hóa thạch bị đốt cháy, chúng giải phóng carbon dioxide, giữ nhiệt trong bầu khí quyển Trái đất, tương tự như cách nhà kính giữ nhiệt. Điều này ảnh hưởng đến nhiệt độ bề mặt trên Trái đất.
→ E
Keywords: scientists
Information: By drilling holes into glaciers and testing the air bubbles trapped in ancient ice, by looking at the fossilised plant tissues, even by looking at the air sealed in old telescopes, scientists have calculated that the atmosphere before the Industrial Revolution contained about 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide - the highest level recorded in the past 160,000 years. The current reading is near 360 parts per million.
Đoạn văn đề cập rằng các nhà khoa học đã tiến hành các nghiên cứu, bao gồm khoan vào sông băng và kiểm tra bọt khí trong băng cổ, để tính toán mức độ lịch sử của carbon dioxide. Chỉ số mật độ CO2 hiện tại được ghi nhận là gần 360 ppm, cho thấy mức tăng so với mức trước Cách mạng Công nghiệp là khoảng 280 ppm.