Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Creating artificial gills

Background

  • Taking in oxygen; mammals - lungs; fish - gills

  • Long-held dreams - humans swimming underwater without oxygen tanks

  • Oxygen tanks considered too [1] and large

  • Attempts to extract oxygen directly from water

  • 1960s - prediction that humans would have gills added by [2]

  • Ideas for artificial gills were inspired by research on

     • fish gills

     • fish swim bladders

     • animals without gills - especially bubbles used by [3]

Building a simple artificial gill

  • Make a watertight box of a materiaI which lets [4] pass through

  • Fill with air and submerge in water

  • Important that the diver and the water keep [5]

  • The gill has to have a large [6]

  • Designers often use a network of small [7] on their gill

  • Main limitation - problems caused by increased [8] in deeper water

  Other applications

  • Supplying oxygen for use on [9]

  • Powering [10] cells for driving machinery underwater