Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Warships and merchant ships

Warships were designed so that they were [1] and moved quickly. They often remained afloat after battles and were able to sail close to land as they lacked any additional weight. A battering ram made of [2] was included in the design for attacking and damaging the timber and oars of enemy ships. Warships, such as the 'trireme', had rowers on three different [3].

Unlike warships, merchant ships had a broad [4] that lay far below the surface of the sea. Merchant ships were steered through the water with the help of large rudders and a tiller bar. They had both square and [5] sails. On merchant ships and warships, [6] was used to ensure rowers moved their oars in and out of the water at the same time.

Quantities of agricultural goods such as [7] were transported by merchant ships to two main ports in Italy. The ships were pulled to the shore by [8]. When the weather was clear and they could see islands or land, sailors used landmarks that they knew to help them navigate their route.